This article is part of the Politics series

Elections

Allotment (sortition) By-election Electoral fraud Show election Fixed-term election General election Primary election Indirect election Local election Referendum

Terminology

Apportionment Crossover voting Gerrymandering Redistribution (redistricting) Secret ballot Suffrage

Subseries

Political party Voting Voting systems

Lists

Elections by country Election results by country Electoral calendar

Politics portal

v â€¢ d â€¢ e

Elections by country gives information on elections. For each de jure and de facto sovereign state and dependent territory an article on elections in that entity has been included and information on the way the head of state and the parliament or legislature is elected. The articles include the results of the elections. For a chronological order, see the electoral calendar.

A

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Afghanistan	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Ã…land		Direct election
	Albania	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Algeria	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	American Samoa	1	Direct election	Direct election
	Andorra	Ex officio2	Direct election
	Angola	Direct election	Direct election
	Anguilla		Direct election
	Antigua and Barbuda	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Argentina	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Armenia	Direct election	Direct election
	Aruba		Direct election
	Australia	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct election
	Austria	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Azerbaijan	Direct election	Direct election

B

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Bahamas	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Bahrain	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Bangladesh	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Barbados	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Belarus	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Belgium	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct and indirect election
	Belize	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Benin	Direct election	Direct election
	Bermuda		Direct election	Appointments
	Bhutan	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct election and appointments
	Bolivia	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Collective presidency	Direct election	Indirect election
	Botswana	Election by parliament	Direct election	Hereditary and appointments
	Brazil	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	British Virgin Islands		Direct election
	Brunei	Monarchy	Appointments
	Bulgaria	Direct election	Direct election
	Burkina Faso	Direct election	Direct election
	Burundi	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election

C

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Cambodia	Monarchy	Direct election
	Cameroon	Direct election	Direct election
	Canada	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Cape Verde	Direct election	Direct election
	Cayman Islands	Monarchy	Direct election
	Central African Republic	Direct election	Direct election
	Chad	Direct election	Direct election
	Chile	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	People's Republic of China	Election by parliament	Indirect election
	Colombia	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Comoros	Direct election	Indirect election
	Congo (Brazzaville)	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Congo (Kinshasa)	Direct election	Direct election
	Cook Islands	Monarchy	Direct election
	Costa Rica	Direct election	Direct election
	Côte d'Ivoire	Direct election	Direct election
	Croatia	Direct election	Direct election
	Cuba	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Cyprus	Direct election	Direct election
	Czech Republic	Election by parliament	Direct election	Direct election

D

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Denmark	Monarchy	Direct election
	Djibouti	Direct election	Direct election
	Dominica	Election by parliament	Direct election and appointments3
	Dominican Republic	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election

E

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	East Timor	Direct election	Direct election
	Ecuador	Direct election	Direct election
	England	Monarchy	Direct election
	Egypt	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election and appointments
	El Salvador	Direct election	Direct election
	Equatorial Guinea	Direct election	Direct election
	Eritrea	Self-appointment	Appointment
	Estonia	Election by parliament (1.-3. round) / electoral college (4. round)	Direct election
	Ethiopia	Election by parliament	Direct election	Indirect election
	European Union	Collective of member state heads of government	Direct election	Collective of member state government ministers

F

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Falkland Islands		Direct election
	Faroe Islands		Direct election
	Fiji	Election by Great Council of Chiefs	Direct election
	Finland	Direct election	Direct election
	France	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	French Polynesia		Direct election

G

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Gabon	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Gambia	Direct election	Direct election
	Georgia	Direct election	Direct election
	Germany	Election by electoral college	Direct election	Representation of state governments
	Ghana	Direct election	Direct election
	Gibraltar		Direct election
	Greece	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Greenland		Direct election
	Grenada	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Guam	4	Direct election
	Guatemala	Direct election	Direct election
	Guernsey		Direct election
	Guinea	Direct election	Direct election
	Guinea-Bissau	Direct election	Direct election
	Guyana	Election by parliament	Direct election

H

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Haiti	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Honduras	Direct election	Direct election
	Hong Kong	Election by election committee	Direct election and election by functional constituencies
	Hungary	Election by parliament	Direct election

I

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Iceland	Direct election	Direct election
	India	Election by electoral college	Direct election	Indirect election
	Indonesia	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Iran	Direct election	Direct election
	Iraq	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Ireland	Direct election	Direct election	Election by functional constituencies
	Isle of Man		Direct election	Indirect election/ex officio
	Israel	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Italy	Election by parliament	Direct election

J

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Jamaica	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointment
	Japan	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct election
	Jersey		Direct election
	Jordan	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointment

K

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Kazakhstan	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Kenya	Direct election	Direct election
	Kiribati	Direct election	Direct election
	Kosovo	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Kuwait	Monarchy	Direct election
	Kyrgyzstan	Direct election	Direct election

L

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Laos	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Latvia	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Lebanon	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Lesotho	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Liberia	Direct election	Direct election
	Libya	Election by parliament	Representatives of the Basis People's Congresses
	Liechtenstein	Monarchy	Direct election
	Lithuania	Direct election	Direct election
	Luxembourg	Monarchy	Direct election

M

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Macau	Election by election committee	Direct election
	Macedonia	Direct election	Direct election
	Madagascar	Direct election	Direct election
	Malawi	Direct election	Direct election
	Malaysia	Election by the rulers of the Malay states	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Maldives	Direct election	Direct election
	Mali	Direct election	Direct election
	Malta	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Marshall Islands	Direct election	Direct election
	Mauritania	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Mauritius	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Mayotte		Direct election
	Mexico	Direct election	Direct election
	Micronesia	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Moldova	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Monaco	Monarchy	Direct election
	Mongolia	Direct election	Direct election
	Montenegro	Direct election	Direct election
	Montserrat		Direct election
	Morocco	Monarchy	Direct election	Indirect election and election by functional groups
	Mozambique	Direct election	Direct election
	Myanmar	Self-appointment	5

N

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Nagorno Karabakh	Direct election	Direct election
	Namibia	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Nauru	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Nepal	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Netherlands	Monarchy	Direct election	Indirect election
	Netherlands Antilles		Direct election
	New Caledonia		Direct election
	New Zealand	Monarchy	Direct election
	Nicaragua	Direct election	Direct election
	Niger	Direct election	Direct election
	Nigeria	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Niue		Direct election
	Norfolk		Direct election
	North Korea	Deceased6	Direct election
	Northern Ireland	Monarchy	Direct election
	Northern Marianas	7	Direct election	Direct election
	Norway	Monarchy	Direct election

O

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Oman	Monarchy	Indirect election	Appointments

P

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Pakistan	Election by electoral college	Direct election	Indirect election
	Palau	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Palestinian National Authority	Direct election	Direct election
	Panama	Direct election	Direct election
	Papua New Guinea	Monarchy	Direct election
	Paraguay	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Peru	Direct election	Direct election
	Philippines	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Pitcairn Islands		Indirect election
	Poland	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Portugal	Direct election	Direct election
	Puerto Rico	8	Direct election	Direct election

Q

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Qatar	Monarchy	Appointments

R

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Romania	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Russia	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Rwanda	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments

S

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Saint Helena		Direct election
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Monarchy	Direct election and appointments