Kuruş (derived from the German Groschen; Ottoman Turkish: غروش gurûş) is a Turkish currency subunit. Since 2005, one New Turkish Lira is equal to 100 kuruş. The kuruş was also the standard unit of currency in the Ottoman Empire until 1844, and from that date until the late 1970s was a subdivision of the formerTurkish lira. It was subdivided into 40 para (پاره), each of 3 akçe. In European languages, the kuruş was often referred to as the piastre, which word was derivated from the Pesato of Spain.

Coinage

The kuruş was introduced in 1688. It was initially a large, silver coin, approximately equal to the French écu. However, during the 18th and early 19th centuries, debasement reduced the kuruş to a billon coin weighing less than 3 grams.

At the beginning of the 19th century, silver coins were in circulation for 1 akçe, 1, 5, 10 and 20 para, 1, 2 and 2½ kuruş, together with gold coins denominated in zeri mahbub and altin. As the silver coins were debased, other denominations appeared: 30 para, 1½, 3, 5 and 6 kuruş. The final coinage issued before the currency reform consisted of billon 1, 10 and 20 para, and silver 1½, 3 and 6 kuruş.

In 1844, the Turkish gold lira was introduced as the new standard denomination. It was divided into 100 kuruş and the kuruş continued to circulate until the 1970s.

Kuruş eventually became obsolete due to the chronic inflation in Turkey in the late 1970s. A currency reform on 1 January 2005 provided its return as the 1/100th of the New Turkish Lira, and it was renamed as Yeni Kuruş (New Kuruş).

Cyprus

The kuruş was also used in Cyprus when the latter was ruled by the Ottoman Empire. It was called Grosi (γρόσι, plural γρόσια) by the Greeks of the island. When Cyprus passed to British control, the Cyprus Pound became the currency of the island divided into 20 shillings and each shilling into 9 kuruş / γρόσια / piastres. When later the pound was decimalized into 1000 mils, the people of Cyprus continued calling the 5 mils coin γρόσι / kuruş.

References

See also

• Qirsh
• Lira

External links

• http://www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com Articles about Ottoman coins (Turkish)
• http://www.osmanliparalari.com Everything about Ottoman coins (Turkish) / (English)

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